Love in Mythology Essay - 1776 Words

Love in Mythology The Celtic myth, The Dream of Oenghus, relates the tale of Oenghus the Celtic god of love, and his long search for true love. Oenghus is the son of Boann and Daghdhae. Boann is the white cow goddess, and Daghdhae is the father of all gods, the good god. In a dream, Oenghus sees the loveliest figure in Ireland#8230; His memory of this vision makes him ill with loneliness and he begins to waste away. With the help of his mother and another of his fathers sons, Bodhbh begins his search for the girl he dreamt of. After years he successfully completes his search and then, the lovers travel to Bruigh Mac, his home. Chronologically and geographically distant, Apuleius second century record of the†¦show more content†¦I can spend the rest of my life searching for him. If he has no more love left for me, at least I can show him how much I love him. Eventually after many trials and tribulations, largely at the inspiration of the still jealous Venus, she is reunited with Cupid an d comes to live the life of the immortals. These myths share a common fundamental theme. In both instances, the myths document a love between a mortal and a god. Moreover, both of the courtships involve long periods of separation with difficult and desperate journeys in pursuit of the beloved. This deep ongoing, uncertainty comes to the ultimate outcome of the fat of the lovers. Clearly, it is not unreasonable to contend that they cover some common ground and address a conventional human dilemma. At the same time one can identify significant differences in the myths. The Dream Of Oenghus a god, Oenghus, pursues a mortal. In Cupid And Psyche a mortal Psyche must illustrate her love for the immortal Cupid. Oenghus receives the willing assistance of other immortals in his search for his beloved. Cupid is also occasionally assisted by other immortals. However, Cupid and Psyche also endure the wrath of Venus and her endless demands on Psyche. In their relationship they must lab or against malevolent gods. In the Dream Of Oenghus Caer, the mortal object of Oenghus passion is remarkably free of the influence of the gods. Oenghus must seek her, he must identify her, and he cannot simplyShow MoreRelatedWomen Of Ancient Greek Mythology Essay1535 Words   |  7 Pagesthroughout history. Women were commonly regarded as the subservient gender, an idea that was no different in Ancient Greece. Throughout Greek mythology, women were considered inferior and troublesome symbols, while men were known for courage, leadership, and strength. While there is no argument of the flagrant sexism that is illustrated in Greek mythology, it can also be claimed that women were given a situated position of freedom, necessity, and power as well. 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Not only do they talk about their various gods, and heroes, but they also talk about how they viewed the universe in general (Rosenberg 79). Greek Mythology evolved from two early civilizations, the Mycenaean’s andRead MoreMythology by Edith Hamilton Critical Analysis837 Words   |  4 PagesMythology by Edith Hamilton Edith Hamilton: Mythology is a collection of Greek and Roman myths retold by Edith Hamilton. It is rewritten in a way that more readers could comprehend its content. The book was published in 1999 by Grand Central Publishing in New York, New York. Edith Hamilton believed that Greek myths show how high the ancient Greeks rose above ancient filth and fierceness. However, she also believed that Greek mythology do not throw any clear light upon what early mankind wasRead MoreDifference Between Primitive Mythology And Classical Mythology1071 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The difference between primitive mythology and classical mythology is that primitive leans towards the dark and gruesome, whereas classical mythology is move cultivated and not as scary and disturbing as primitive. The Greeks, unlike the Egyptians, made their gods in the image of man. The gods of the egyptians did have some sort of human forms, but it was also half-casted with animals The â€Å"miracle of greek mythology† was when the world became more enlightened and it was not so muchRead More Comparing the Symbology and Imagery in T. S. Eliot’s Poetry Essay1481 Words   |  6 Pages In the poems â€Å"The Love Song by J. 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Myth is its serious purpose and its importance to

The Gang Resistance Education And Training ( Great ) Program

Stage 1: Analyzing the Problem. (20 points) In the years prior to the creation for the Gang Resistance Education and Training (GREAT) program, America’s inner cities was experiencing a substantial increase of gang membership along the youth living in impoverished communities. During the early 1990s, many viewed gang activity as a particular community’s problem, but as youth and gang violence was increasing drastically across the United States’ inner cities, the public’s perception about this social issue changed. Due to the rapid rise of gang violence and youth membership, delinquent behavior by youths began to receive a substantial amount of academic and media attention. According to Miller (1992) estimation, in1992, there was about 760 gangs within the cities of New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Detroit, Philadelphia, and San Francisco. Miller (1992) notes that these gang recruited youths which caused more gang activity within the public school system. Also, gang that had a large membership of youth, were extremely more likely to use gun violence towards rival gangs than other gangs with older members. The GREAT program was created was to prevent future gang membership by young adults. It was noted that criminality motivated gangs were contributing to the overwhelming violence in urban area because they were continuously having disputes over drug markets. Gangs have been perceived by the media as groups of individuals, often youths, who congregate to commit crimes toShow MoreRelatedNew York Youth Center ( N.y.y.c )962 Words   |  4 Pagesshow children love, and communicate with their children. From this, they will be able to know their children s interests. Another example is if a child enjoys playing sports, the parents might be able to enroll their child in an after school sport program that can keep the child busy until they come home from work. This would help form a bond and the parents and child could communicate about what the child did at school and afterschool. Rather than engaging themselves in criminal behaviors outsideRead MoreGang Resistance Education and Training2647 Words   |  11 PagesGang Resistance Education and Training Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T) is a national program that educates elementary and middle school children how to avoid becoming a gang member. The program is instructed by police officers and is part classroom instruction and other learning activities. â€Å"The goal of the GREAT program is to teach youth how to set goals for themselves, how to resist peer pressure, how to resolve conflicts, and how gangs can affect the quality of their livesRead MoreWhy Gangs Can Be Harmful At Risk Youth1623 Words   |  7 PagesGangs are not a new phenomenon, or a new problem. Gangs have been around for a long time, and will continue to grow and transform throughout the world. I have viewed gangs in a negative manner, and have carried a false misconception of what exactly a gang is. Television and media is partially to blame for society’s view on gangs and gang violence. Today, there are dozens of â€Å"reality† television shows about gangs. It is no surprise the information that we take in through television on the topic ofRead MoreProblem Solution Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesProblem solution essay Final Draft. GANG VIOLENCE IN AMERICAN SCHOOLS There are approximately 27,900 gangs, with 774,000 members, impacting towns, cities, and communities across the United States. According to a recent bulletin released by the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, 23 percent of students aged 12 through 18 years reported presence of street gangs in their schools. Almost half (46%) of students in public schools reported street gang presence. In addition, 21 percentRead MoreDrug Prevention And Education : America s Largest And Longest Running Programs Essay985 Words   |  4 PagesWhen it comes to drug prevention and education, it must differ and be carefully designed depending on the age group and other contributing factors to drug use/abuse. One of the world’s largest and longest running programs has had a great impact on society, both nationally and globally. Even if someone has never attended a seminar or been taught a class in their school, a majority of people know or at least have heard of the D.A.R.E. prog ram. This program has a humble beginning and a positive missionRead MoreYouth Gang Membership And It s Implication Adolescent Development Essay1566 Words   |  7 Pages700,000 adolescents who are involved in youth gangs. (Thomas). America has a youth gang culture that is present in its society. This paper will focus on youth gang membership and it’s implication to adolescent development. First to be discussed will be the demographics of adolescents involved in gangs. Then the reasons why youth join gangs and how it is related to their natural development. Next, we will turn to contemplate the implication of gang culture and involvement in America’s public schoolRead MoreEssay about Gang Resistance Education and Training Program2439 Words   |  10 PagesGang Resistance Education and Training Program Alian Cruz CRJ 305: Crime Prevention Ann Meek 08 OCT, 2011 For my final paper I am going to talk about a program that in my eyes is a great way for our youth to receive different views and healthy choices when it comes to avoiding and confronting gangs or gang members. 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For example like the police gang unit ( Decker, 2007) . or POP ( Braga,2008), or â€Å"The Gang Resistance Education and Training (G.R.E.A.T.) program is a gang- and delinquency-prevention program deliv- ered by law enforcement officers within a school setting. â€Å" (Esbensen et al., 2011) â€Å"Each of these studies documents the finding that being in a gang increases the level of criminal and delinquent involvementRead MoreCrime Control And The Criminal Justice System And Preventing Crime1335 Words   |  6 Pagesdeveloped extensively due to desires of leaders to control, reduce, and punish crime offenders. Investing in our officers education, supporting funding for our SRO’s, and funding inmates through education are areas that will help in the effort of crime control. Another traditional policing response to the crime problem is to require that police officers attain a certain level of education beyond high school (Worrall, 2015). Everyone that has given an inkling of consideration of being involved in the criminal

The Role of Fiction in Experiments Within Design, Art Architecture Essay Example For Students

The Role of Fiction in Experiments Within Design, Art Architecture Essay Within the last couple of years there has been an increased interest in Design Fiction as a new practice or approach within design research (Bleecker, 2009; DiSalvo, 2012; Grand and Wiedmer, 2010). Ever since the advent of modern design, designers have used fiction as a technique for experimenting with alternative models for society or for criticising existing ones. The imaginary urban projects of the Futurists proposed a city where machines enabled radically new forms of architecture and infrastructure, and in the 1920s Norman Bel Geddes envisioned what at that time must have looked like an utopian idea: gargantuan irliners transporting people across the Atlantic. The ability to use design fictions for speculating about alternative presences or possible futures is at the core of design practice. What is new is that it is now claimed also to be a viable road for producing valid knowledge in design research (Grand Wiedmer, 2010). In this paper, we argue that in order to establish design fiction as a promising new approach to design research, there is a need to develop a more detailed understanding of the role of fiction in design experiments. Some attempts have already been made. DiSalvo (2012) thus accounts for two forms of design fiction in terms of what he calls ‘spectacle’ and ‘trope’. While DiSalvo makes a valuable contribution, his treatment is too limited for understanding other forms of design fiction. Grand Wiedmer (2010) propose a method toolbox for practicing design fiction in design research, but in fact they say very little about the particularities of this approach. Only that it may take the form of ‘criticising existing technologies’ as in critical design, ‘asking unanswerable questions’ or ‘reinterpreting the past’ by transforming what is into what could be. We offer a typology, which allows us to explain design fictions according to 5 criteria. The typology is premised on the idea that fiction may integrate with reality in many different ways in design experiments. Since design fictions can take many forms and variations, it is simply impossible to cover them all in the stroke of one paper. Our typology is built up from 6 case projects, all of which use fiction in design experiments offering alternative models for designing the urban environment. This typology should be thought of as an initial first step towards building a more exhaustive framework. We start out by defining design fiction and discussing the role of fiction in relation to experiments in design research. Next, we account for how design fiction is manifested in the 6 case projects. On the basis of our case analyses we present a table offering an overview. Finally, we critically discuss our typology in relation to related work.

Save the Children free essay sample

Position Paper on Child Survival 1. INTRODUCTION Save the Children is a child focused organisation that delivers immediate and lasting improvements in childrens lives. The organisation is committed to improve the health status of children in India and protect them from exploitation, abuse and ill health. In the current context, Save the Children’s primary focus is on supporting the system in accelerating the progress towards Millennium Development Goal 4 aimed at one-third reduction in child mortality rates from 1990 level, by 2015. Child Survival Situation in India India is faced with an unparalleled child survival and health challenge. The country contributes 1. 95 million of the global burden of 9. 2 million under-five child deaths, which is the highest for any nation in the world. Nearly 26 million infants are born each year, of whom nearly 1 million die before completing the first 4 weeks of life and 1. 7 million die before reaching the first birthday[1]. India has a population of 1. We will write a custom essay sample on Save the Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 17 billion. Children below the age of 18 years account for 38. 4% of India’s population and of these 127 million are between 0-5 years[2]. The infant mortality rate in India is 54 per 1000 live births[3] and the neonatal mortality is 39/1000 live births[4]. Almost one in every three babies in the world, who die before they are four weeks old, is from India. Less than half (44%) of children of 12-23 months are fully immunized against the six major preventable diseases[5]. 45. 9% of Indian children under three are underweight. Nearly 80% of infants now have anaemia[6]. Each year 27 million pregnancies take place in the country with only 32. 9% women accessing the Government health services for antenatal care. Only 52% pregnant women have at least three visits for antenatal care[7]. Government of India launched the National Rural Health Mission on 12th  April 2005, to provide accessible, affordable and accountable quality health services to the poor households in rural areas. From narrowly defined vertical schemes, the NRHM has shifted the focus to a functional integrated health system at all levels, from the village to the district. Under the NRHM, the difficult areas with unsatisfactory health indicators have been classified as special focus States to ensure greatest attention where needed. The thrust of the Mission is on establishing a fully functional, community owned, decentralised health delivery system with inter-sectoral convergence at all levels, to ensure simultaneous action on a wide range of determinants of health  like water, sanitation, nutrition, social and gender equality in addition to health per se. In order to ensure delivery of quality services to the people, Indian Public Health Standards (IPHS) have been set for all Government health facilities such as the Sub Centre, Primary Health Centre and Community Health Centre for the type and number of medical and paramedical personnel in them and the basic infrastructure. The Government expects that evidence based interventions like the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) for improved child survival and that the Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) which promotes institutional deliveries will lead to India attaining the health related Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). The initiatives like reform of the Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS), and its universalisation with quality are given emphasis to bring rapid improvement in the children’s health and nutrition status, which however will depend upon the effective implementation of these schemes. There is an urgent need to enhance the capacities of the grassroots level functionaries so that, using the existing framework of NRHM and ICDS, they can deliver quality services to improve the scenario of maternal and child health in India. Another area which is needed to be strengthened is the on-ground coordination amongst the key departments who can have an impact on the current women and child health situation. Malnutrition: National Family Health Survey (NHFS-3) showed that there has not been much improvement in the nutritional status of children, within the last eight ears. During NFHS-2 (1998-1999), 47% of children under three were found to be underweight while 46% of children under three years of age being underweight, according to. [8]This means every second child under six years of age in India is underweight, a statistic worse than that in sub-Saharan Africa. Almost half (48. 4%) of all children under five are stunted (short for their age, an indicator of chronic malnutrit ion) while 20% of children are wasted (too thin for their height, an indicator of acute malnutrition). As much as 43% children are underweight for their age. Exclusive breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding of children which are identified as major determinants of child survival still remain significant challenges to be addressed. Only 69% of children less than two months of age are exclusively breastfed which drops to 51 percent at 2-3 months and 28 percent at 4-5 months of age. Overall, slightly less than half of the children under six months of age are exclusively breastfed. [9] Only 53% children receive complementary foods between 6-8 months of age. Due to cultural beliefs and ingrained practices over ages, many mothers are still not able to follow appropriate infant feeding practices leading to increase in morbidity and mortality of children less than 5 years of age. Over half of all women (56%) in India are anaemic as are 70% of children under the age of five. 22% of all children whose birth weight record is available are low birth weight babies[10], which is a significant contributing factor to malnutrition later in life. The issue of underweight children is particularly serious in rural areas and among the poorest families, ethnic minorities and lower castes. . KEY ISSUES With one child dying every three seconds, India registers the highest number of child deaths across the globe[11]. The major killers of children are – acute respiratory infections, dehydration due to diarrhoea, measles and neonatal tetanus and in some areas malaria. The high prevalence of malnutrition contributes to over 50% of child deaths. In India , a significant proportion of child deaths (over 40% of under-five Mortality and 64% of infant mortality) take place in the neonatal period. Apart from infections, other causes like asphyxia, hypothermia and pre-maturity are responsible for neonatal mortality. About one-third of the newborns have a birth weight less than 2500 gram (low-birth weight). A significant proportion of mortality occurs in low-birth weight babies. It has been recognised that further reduction of IMR will require focused attention on Neonatal mortality[12]. The most challenging part of infant mortality, we all know, is the large proportion of newborn deaths, contributing to around 70% of all infant deaths, that too mostly taking place in the first week of life. Mortality rate in the second month of life is also higher than at later ages. In short, to achieve this goal, India needs extra emphasis to save newborns. Over 50% of the child deaths are associated with malnutrition. Of the 19 million infants in the developing world who have low birth weight (less than 2,500 grams), 8. 3 million are in India[13]. Malnutrition is the result of a combination of factors. They include cultural inhibitions causing low adoption of exclusive breast feeding, poor understanding of complementary feeding; insufficient awareness of nutritional needs lack of purchasing power leading to inadequate access to food, inequitable distribution of available food and poor food habits. The other key indirect causes include lack of health care services, non availability of clean water and safe sanitation, poverty and lack of livelihood opportunities. 3. OVERALL STATEMENT OF SAVE THE CHILDREN INDIA Save the Children India works to support the communities and families in undertaking actions at their level which can save newborn and young children’s lives. We focus on strengthening community systems by enhancing the capacities of CBOs, involving people and children in their own health care and increasing the awareness of communities to generate demand for quality health services. For improving the quality and coverage of basic Maternal, Newborn, Child health and nutrition services, Save the Children India also works on capacity building of Anganwadi workers, Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHA) and Auxiliary Nurse Midwives (ANM) in its areas of operation. This contributes directly towards strengthening the supply side of services. Save the Children India will work as a catalyst to initiate social change around child survival and strengthen coordination, as recommended in the National Rural Health Mission, amongst various sectors/programmes/departments which work for addressing child survival related issues. Save the Children India for addressing the child survival issues through improved service delivery, supports and works in close coordination with the departments of health and women and child development. The organisation, specifically works through the framework of Integrated Child Development Services Scheme (ICDS) to deliver benefits to the children. Save the Children India’s principal strategy is to develop innovative solutions to the problems which the system encounters in delivering quality maternal, newborn child health and nutrition services. Another area which Save the Children India would also address is access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation, as this is an indispensable component of health and development. Studies show that the coverage of safe drinking water is low and much slow progress has been made globally in improving sanitation coverage. Incorporating principles of sustainable development into policies and strategies would cause some improvements towards health goals. 4. SAVE THE CHILDREN’S STRATEGIES WILL BE: To address maternal, neonatal, child health and nutritional needs of the communities, by involving the community itself and the children in the process †¢ Enhance the capacity of service providers to deliver quality Maternal child health and nutrition services †¢ Generate demand for basic health care services in the communities, with special focus on marginalised and underprivileged sections, through awareness generation activities †¢ Strengthen convergence between key dep artments to ensure effective delivery f quality health services †¢ Push the agenda of child survival to highest priority through advocacy at all levels †¢ Generate demand for the quality child survival services by creating awareness through public campaigns for the communities Save the Children India’s Plan of Action: In the initial phase, health and nutrition interventions will be undertaken in the states of Rajasthan, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Orissa, Gujarat and Maharashtra. These are the states where Save the children has been working for several years in the field of education, child protection and disaster relief. With deep understanding of the issues at all levels, as stated above, Save the Children India realises that in these states there is an urgent need to address health and nutrition issues to make the approach more holistic. In designing the health and nutrition interventions Save the Children in India will keep the issues of child protection and child rights in focus. Save the Children India, will try to involve children in the advocacy work at the grassroots level. We plan to replicate the good practices which have been tested and proved to be effective in addressing the issues of child survival. In all its interventions, Save the Children India will address the weaker areas of the system as revealed by the in national and state level demographic and health studies. For all the activities, Save the Children India works in close coordination with the Government structure and other civil society players in the field. Key Target Groups: Children are the central point for planning, in all our interventions. We target to deliver benefits to newborns, children under the age of five years, pregnant and nursing mothers through our interventions. The organisation strives to provide quality community based health and nutrition services through capacity building of community based volunteers, health and ICDS functionaries, and awareness generation in the communities about child health and nutrition issues along with Child Rights and protection issues. Save the Children India expects the benefits of these approaches to cover over 500,000 children in the next 3 years. Programmatic Approach: In order to provide support to the public health delivery system, Save the Children India adopts locally and culturally relevant support models to deliver community based child health and nutrition services. The geographic focus for implementing programmes will be on the underperforming districts with large percentage of most marginalised and vulnerable population. The programme models are implemented through communities, and community based organisations / NGOs and the grassroots level workers of the public health delivery system. Save the Children India provides technical, programmatic and financial support to all the implementing partners. Save the Children India also works to support the existing frameworks of health and ICDS, and strengthens them rather than creating a parallel structure. This approach of strengthening community systems is a sustainable support to the health care delivery system. Save the Children India will work with the Government at all levels and play a major role in advocating for evidence based changes in policies that affect children. In all the activities we involve communities, with special emphasis on involving children. . FUTURE DIRECTIONS In July 2008, Save the Children India initiated a health and nutrition project in the states of Rajasthan and West Bengal, working with communities and health workers to improve health and nutrition of mothers and children in the region. In September 2008, Emergency Health and Nutrition interventions were rolled out in the states of Bihar and Orissa as a response to the floods. Save the Children India’s future work to address the issues of child Survival will be focused on the underperforming districts of Rajasthan, Orissa, West Bengal, Bihar and Delhi. In the subsequent phase expansion to other states is being planned. The programme designs will be based on the area specific priorities through contextualisation and up-scaling the high impact good practices as evidenced in the current activities. [1] UNICEF, State of the World’s Children ( SoWC)2009 [2] UNICEF – SoWC 2009 [3] UNICEF – SoWC 2009, NFHS3 2005-06 SRS Bulletin October 2008 [4] WHO Health Statistics 2007 [5] NFHS-3 2005-06 [6] UNICEF SoWC 2008 [7] NFHS-3 2005-06 p. 196 [8] NFHS 3 2005-06 [9] NFHS-3 2005-06 [10] NFHS-3 2005-06 [11] UNICEF SoWC 2008 [12] WHO India Web page [13] UNICEF SoWC 2008

5-Paragraph Essay

5-Paragraph Essay Learners are having loads of trouble in writing 5-paragraph essays these days, with the mounting load of homework, and occasionally, amateur careers; the students cannot probably put in writing their own 5-paragraph essays. There are some learners who sometimes do not encompass the capability or instant to write their 5-paragraph essays all by themselves. They have no knowledge about how and what to write. Countless students try to find 5-paragraph essays on the internet. If they duplicate from an author or site, it is copying. Thus, the students fruitlessly search for a solution to this dilemma. The response comes in the shape of the abundant online 5-paragraph essay writing corporations that aid people who could do with help in writing their 5-paragraph essays. Yet, this manner moreover has a negative aspect. Quite a lot of companies that declare to present good 5-Paragraph essays are swindling. They entangle the students in their lock in, rob their cash, and devastate their time. This is in all probability one of the small number of reasons why scholars etc. are frightened of obtaining aid from 5-paragraph essay writing corporations. These companies might appear everywhere and make fake undertakings for receiving wealth. Innocent students are green in distinguishing these companies and are ensnared by them. Nevertheless, we cannot allow this cause to turn into a barrier in their way for 5-paragraph essay writing. An individual can effortlessly save cash and avoid the threat by spotting these fraud companies, but the real difficulty comes in recognizing them. You can keep the following tips in mind while writing a 5-paragraph essay: 1. Stick to the topic of your essay. Do not wander off to other topics. 2.  Add quotations and give references if your essay requires it. 3.  Add your own opinions if and only if the essay requires it. It is always a good idea to ask your teacher beforehand. 4.  Start from a short definition or explanation of the topic. 5.  Be very sure of the data that you add in your essay. Search the internet or an encyclopedia. 6.  Keep in mind that the essay is meant to provide the reader a true account of all the happenings. In case of historical essays, be very sure of the names and places you are mentioning and take the help of a book or encyclopedia to be certain. 7.  Cut off the additional ‘fat’ from your essay to make it precise and accurate. 8.  Be to-the-point in your essay and avoid too many details. Nothing bores a reader as much as an essay with unending descriptions.

Battle of Mill Springs - Civil War Battle of Mill Springs

Battle of Mill Springs - Civil War Battle of Mill Springs The Battle of Mill Springs - Conflict: The Battle of Mill Springs was an early battle in the American Civil War (1861-1865). Armies Commanders: Union Brigadier General George H. Thomas4,400 men Confederate Major General George Crittenden5,900 men Battle of Mill Springs - Date: Thomas defeated Crittenden on January 19, 1862. Battle of Mill Springs - Background: In early 1862, Confederate defenses in the West were led by General Albert Sidney Johnston and were thinly spread from Columbus, KY east to the Cumberland Gap. A vital pass, the gap was held by the brigade of Brigadier General Felix Zollicoffer as part of Major General George B. Crittendens Military District of Eastern Tennessee. Having secured the gap, Zollicoffer moved north in November 1861, to position his forces closer to Confederate troops in Bowling Green and to take control of the area around Somerset. A military novice and former politician, Zollicoffer arrived at Mill Springs, KY and elected to move across the Cumberland River rather than fortify the heights around the town. Taking a position on the north bank, he believed that his brigade was in a better position to strike at Union troops in the area. Alerted to Zollicoffers movement, both Johnston and Crittenden ordered him to recross the Cumberland and situate himself on the more defensible south bank. Zollicoffer refused to comply, believing that he lacked sufficient boats for the crossing and citing concerns that he could be attacked with his men divided. Battle of Mill Springs - The Union Advances: Aware of the Confederate presence in Mill Springs, the Union leadership directed Brigadier General George H. Thomas to move against Zollicoffer and Crittendens forces. Arriving at Logans Crossroads, approximately ten miles north of Mill Springs, with three brigades on January 17, Thomas paused to await the arrival of a fourth under Brigadier General Albin Schoepf. Alerted to the Union advance, Crittenden ordered Zollicoffer to attack Thomas before Schoepf could reach Logans Crossroads. Departing on the evening of January 18, his men marched nine miles through rain and mud to reach the Union position by morning. Battle of Mill Springs - Zollicoffer Killed: Attacking at dawn, the tired Confederates first encountered Union pickets under Colonel Frank Wolford. Pressing his attack with the 15th Mississippi and 20th Tennessee, Zollicoffer soon encountered stubborn resistance from the 10th Indiana and 4th Kentucky. Taking a position in a ravine forward of the Union line, the Confederates made use of the protection it provided and maintained a heavy fire. As the fighting lulled, Zollicoffer, conspicuous in a white rain coat, moved to reconnoiter the lines. Becoming confused in smoke, he approached the 4th Kentuckys lines believing them to be Confederates. Before he could realize his mistake, he was shot and killed, possibly by Colonel Speed Fry, commander of the 4th Kentucky. With their commander dead, the tide began to turn against the rebels. Arriving on the field, Thomas quickly took control of the situation and stabilized the Union line, while increasing pressure on the Confederates. Rallying Zollicoffers men, Crittenden committed the brigade of Brigadier General William Carroll to the fight. As the fighting raged, Thomas ordered the 2nd Minnesota to maintain their fire and pushed forward the 9th Ohio. Battle of Mill Springs - Union Victory: Advancing, the 9th Ohio succeeded in turning the Confederate left flank. Their line collapsing from the Union attack, Crittendens men began fleeing back towards Mill Springs. Frantically crossing the Cumberland, they abandoned 12 guns, 150 wagons, over 1,000 animals, and all of their wounded on the north bank. The retreat did not end until the men reached the area around Murfreesboro, TN. Aftermath of the Battle of Mill Springs: The Battle of Mill Springs cost Thomas 39 killed and 207 wounded, while Crittenden lost 125 killed and 404 wounded or missing. Believed to have been intoxicated during the fighting, Crittenden was relieved of his command. The victory at Mill Springs was one of the first triumphs for the Union and saw Thomas open a breach in the western Confederate defenses. This was quickly followed by Brigadier General Ulysses S. Grants victories at Forts Henry and Donelson in February. Confederate forces would not control the Mill Springs area against until the weeks before the Battle of Perryville in autumn 1862. Selected Sources Mill Springs Battlefield AssociationNational Park Service: Battle of Mill SpringsCivil War Trust: Battle of Mill Springs

Global warming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 3

Global warming - Essay Example ost circulated US newspapers and the two television channels with the largest viewership have been focusing their attention on only peripheral solutions to global warming instead of paying attention to the basic policy changes required. As Friedman (2008) has pointed out, green living in US has become a fashion of sort rather than a commitment that involves hard core political and economic choices (p.203-216). As a result, the real â€Å"scales† by which the problem has to be understood, measured and addressed is still lacking (Friedman, 2008, p.209-216). In other words, environmentalism in US is still dwelling on the rhetorical level and has not yet entered the realm of real action (Friedman, 2008, p.215). But all the same, if there is conviction to move forward, there are a number of viable alternatives presented, as is done by Al Gore (2008). Al Gore (2008) has stressed that there is full scope for convergence of actions meant to solve climate change and â€Å"economic† and â€Å"energy security crisis† and has provided many examples. But Friedman (2008) is rather pessimistic as he is conscious of the magnitude of the task in front (p.209-215). But it is evident that there are no â€Å"easy† ‘consumer-friendly’ ways to go green (Friedman, 2008, p.203-4). And it is evident from this discourse that global warming can be reduced only by path-breaking policies and corresponding action. What the US citizens can do towards this end should not be limited by the easy and ready-made solutions provided by trendy rhetoric. It is in this context that two major news papers and two most popular television channels will be scrutinized in this study over a certain period of time, by examining all the environmental reports that came in them during this period. The solutions offered in each of these reports will be categorized into two groups, namely, easy solutions and real solutions (related to policy and law). These two lists will be compared to find out which category is

Book review of Economic Sophisms, by Frdric Bastiat Essay

Book review of Economic Sophisms, by Frdric Bastiat - Essay Example In this book Economic Sophisms Bastiat tries to combat the problems of protectionism through many arguments. His famous satirical work known as the ‘Candle makers’ petition’, which is reproduced in many economic textbooks all over the world, is also included in this book. (Hart, 4-7; Hazlitt, 5) The collection consists of three parts. The first part contains the popular essays; the second is his sophisms, consisting of 35 articles on protectionism. The third part was written in a short period of time before his death and consists of the thought that society and the economy are in harmony and government intervention was unnecessary - ‘The world is not sufficiently aware of the influence that sophistry exerts over it.’(Bastiat, 93) The author’s thesis is that one should have the freedom to buy anything from anyplace as that is in one’s best economic interest. The most important argument present in the whole book is how a few men have been able to loot others by making them believe that they are getting looted for their own benefit. Many still lack the basic understanding of such economics and that kind of looting is prevalent even now. Since, the not so intelligent common man, might not be able to decipher the intricacies of an economic policy, the ones forming the rules are in a position to loot the poor off their wealth. Bastiat not only uses wit and satire but also uses the words of the policy makers to point out the fallacies to the general public (Spencer). The book consists of a number of styles of writing. Keeping in mind the general public as the reader Bastiat includes a number of different yet simple styles which they can understand. His book consisted of essays in conversational prose, written informally, and this is the dominant type. They have a very conversational tone and quotes from individuals having the opposite view have often been incorporated in these. This style reflects the fact that they might have been used in speeches before and contains reactions or exclamations from the writer (Hart, 8). The second type of essay format he uses is essays written in dialog form where Bastiat created characters to build up a conversation where ultimately the free market supporter would win the debate. The characters would often be in professions such as petitioning, economist, woodcutters, ironmasters and artisans (Hart, 9). Thirdly, he would write essays consisting of economic tales, which shows his love for literature. These economic tales point out important economic aspects to the layman in an easy manner, and included funny remarks. Important stories include ‘Reciprocity’, ‘Stupidville’ and ‘Childishtown’. These tales make the work of economics less boring and ignites the enthusiasm of the reader (Hart, 10). The fourth type of essays was fictional letter to government officials. These were similar to the economic tales and were considered funn y and satirical. These fake letters were written to many fake government officials such as Council of Ministers, various Cabinet Ministers and to the Chamber of Deputies, sometimes even the King, and contained requests for easy solutions of economic complexities. The writer uses a ‘reductio ad absurdum’ method to push his point usually taking up a topic used by his opponents. Sometimes ridiculous demands made by the opponents were used to show

Audience Analysis and Reception Essay Example for Free

Audience Analysis and Reception Essay Question: You are preparing to write a formal report to be presented to management at your workplace. What are some potential needs for this audience you should be aware of when writing the report? What are the risks of not considering the audience’s needs? As explained in week five (The University of Phoenix, 2014). Writing a Proper Report Writing a formal report to management can be difficult as well as time-consuming. You must know who your audience is and what important topics your management team wants to hear. It is very easy to get off track and present data that is not relevant to the audience that you are directing the report to. You must know your audience. There are several things the author writing the report needs to know, in order to ensure that the management team will understand. The first thing that should be considered is, knowing who your audience is. It is important to know who the managers reading this report are. This makes a difference because you want to capture an audience by the job they have. If the report is a descriptive report about product design, you will not want to write a report about sales revenue. The report must fit the audience. Another important factor the writer should know is, knowing the audiences special interests or prejudices they may have about the information you are going to present. It is important to write the report around the facts and to not try to put in too much feeling. Facts are the only things that should be considered. Let the audience think for themselves and make their minds up based on the data that is being presented. Be prepared and have charts or other supporting documentation ready and available, so that the report can be backed up to support the report. Always pay attention to grammar and watch for any syntax errors in your writing. It is crucial that the audience sees that the report is  credible, properly written and that it flows well so that the audience can understand the report. Formal reports are more detailed and have a lot more detail than a non-formal report. Paragraphing the formal report will be easy for the audience to read. There are a lot of risks involved if these guidelines are not met. The audience has particular needs that they will be looking for, and making certain that these measures are there will lead to success. In conclusion, it is crucial that writers understand who the audience is. A formal report should always have the information in it that fits the audience. You might lose your audience, and the report may be seen as non-credible if the facts are not presented the way they should be. References The University of Phoenix. (2014). Week Five: Audience Analysis and Reception. Retrieved from The University of Phoenix, XBCOM/275 website. Educational Psychologist. (2010). Writing for whom? Cognition, motivation, and a writers audience.. Retrieved from Educational Psychologist, XB/COM 275Communication Process Model website.

John F. Kennedy Vs. Lynden B. Essay -- essays research papers

The question I am about to answer can not be answered in brief. To fully comprehend the similarities and differences between John F. Kennedy’s â€Å"New Frontier† and Lyndon B. Johnson’s â€Å"Great Society† you must understand their intentions first. John F. Kennedy was not an ordinary President. He was one with a certain â€Å"charisma†, as some put it. He was very blunt and knew how to get what he wanted. During his rain as President, he created the reform program know as the â€Å"New Frontier†. The New Frontier was developed to assure Americans of the upcoming sixties’ challenges. This was a program that affected all. Under the influence of the New Frontier Kennedy promised to defend freedom around the world. He stated: â€Å"Let every nation know, whether it wish us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend or oppose any foe in order to assure the survival and success of lib erty. This we pledge and more.† Soon Kennedy’s speech would be put to the test. The debate over communism or democracy was still going on. The Cold War had not yet ended. During his presidency Kennedy was determined to lower unemployment by creating more jobs. He expanded the space program and stimulated military spending. He also cut taxes to give Americans a little more money to spend. This tax cut lead to a period of prosperity. He proposed a medical care program for the elderly. It was rejected by congress. Kennedy appointed black officials to higher governmen... John F. Kennedy Vs. Lynden B. Essay -- essays research papers The question I am about to answer can not be answered in brief. To fully comprehend the similarities and differences between John F. Kennedy’s â€Å"New Frontier† and Lyndon B. Johnson’s â€Å"Great Society† you must understand their intentions first. John F. Kennedy was not an ordinary President. He was one with a certain â€Å"charisma†, as some put it. He was very blunt and knew how to get what he wanted. During his rain as President, he created the reform program know as the â€Å"New Frontier†. The New Frontier was developed to assure Americans of the upcoming sixties’ challenges. This was a program that affected all. Under the influence of the New Frontier Kennedy promised to defend freedom around the world. He stated: â€Å"Let every nation know, whether it wish us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend or oppose any foe in order to assure the survival and success of lib erty. This we pledge and more.† Soon Kennedy’s speech would be put to the test. The debate over communism or democracy was still going on. The Cold War had not yet ended. During his presidency Kennedy was determined to lower unemployment by creating more jobs. He expanded the space program and stimulated military spending. He also cut taxes to give Americans a little more money to spend. This tax cut lead to a period of prosperity. He proposed a medical care program for the elderly. It was rejected by congress. Kennedy appointed black officials to higher governmen...

Mexican-American Assimilation at the Turn of the 20th Century Essay

The first major wave of Mexican immigration during the twentieth century triggered physical as well as verbal attacks by white Americans. Immigrant labor camps were raided by whites espousing white supremacist beliefs. By 1911 certain politicians lobbied against further Mexican immigration. The Dillingham Commission argued that Mexicans were undesirable as future citizens. Nativist scholars and politicians feared â€Å"mongrelization† as a by-product of contact with Mexicans, and in 1925 a Princeton economics professor even spoke of the future elimination of Anglo Americans by interbreeding with Mexicans (Feagin and Feagin, p.265). These themes reemerged in 1928 when a congressional committee attempted to set limits on immigration from the western hemisphere. Congressman John Box called for restrictions on Mexican immigration because the Mexican was a product of mixing by the Spaniard and â€Å"low-grade† Indians. This mixture, according to Boxer, was an obstacle to participation in American democracy. The image of the Mexican American male possessing innate criminal tendencies emerged during the World War II era. For example, in 1943, following the Zoot Suit Riots, the Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department issued a report alleging that the Mexican American’s desire to spill blood was an inborn characteristic. Further, the report concluded that Mexican Americans were violent because of their Indian blood (Feagin and Feagin, 265). And as late as 1969, a California judge ruling in an incest case reiterated similar racist beliefs. He stated in court: â€Å"Mexican people †¦ think it is perfectly all right to act like an animal. We ought to send you out of this country†¦. You are lower than animals †¦ maybe Hitler was right. The animals in our society probably ought to be destroyed† (Feagin and Feagin, p. 266). One of the most persistent stereotypes is the image of simplemindedness. In 1982 the U. S. Department of Defense issued a report explaining that lower test scores for Hispanics and African Americans as compared to white Americans were due to genetic differences as well as cultural differences. During the same year, the National Educational Testing Service, surprised by the excellent performance of 18 Mexican American students attending Garfield High School (a school situated in one of Los Angeles’ poorest Mexican American communities), demanded that all retake the exam. Allegations of cheating by the students was the reasoning of the testing administrators. The students eventually did re-take the exam; once again they received excellent scores. Other Immigrants: Mexicans and the Dillingham Commission of 1907-1911 http://www. jstor. org/stable/10. 5406/jamerethnhist. 30. 2. 0033 Biological Superiority of Whites. http://www. princeton. edu/~tleonard/papers/retrospectives. pdf John Box’s Proposed Immigration Limitations http://www. digitalhistory. uh. edu/disp_textbook. cfm? smtID=3&psid=594 Zoot Suit Fights http://www. pbs. org/wgbh/amex/zoot/eng_sfeature/sf_press_text_04. html Mexican immigration general info http://www. jstor. org/stable/981093 Gutierrez, David. 1993. â€Å"Significant to Whom? : Mexican Americans and the History of the American West. † Western Historical Quarterly (24):4. http://www. jstor. org/stable/2702497? seq=3 THIS ONE IS MONEY.

Feasibility Report Guide Essay

Intro– Samsung Electronics is based in Seoul, South Korea and operates in 65 countries worldwide with 157,000 people working for the company. Samsung Electronics products include semiconductors, hard drives, digital displays, home electronics, mobile phones, and others. All Samsung products have the same tone when the device is turned on, so that customers can easily get used to them and this tone is mentioned when Samsung products are being advertised as well. â€Å"Smarter Life† theme was introduced recently in Samsung that is based on the innovative approach in improving the company’s current products, and introducing new products to the market. For instance, Android-based Samsung Galaxy Player 50 is to be introduced soon, containing a range of innovative features the product is expected to change the current media players’ market condition significantly SWOT Samsung– Samsung Strength as Becoming a world known brand (over 200 countries) R&D (investing on scientific talents) Innovation (new digital technology) Customization (new products every year) New allocation of marketing resources (M-Net). Samsung enjoys the widest range of product portfolio which includes : Mobile phones Tablet TV/Audio/Video,Camera,camcorder, Home appliance Pc‟s,Laptop, peripherals, printer, memory cards and Well diversified and differentiated product line toother accessories meet changing customer needs . Samsung electronics has 4business areas to cover customer electronics needs. Practice the good leadershipBrand value through multiple sponsorships High market share that continues to growtheory (Mobile Phones and Design with an attractive styling that interestsmemory chip)and LCD the customer, as the result of the development of Samsung‟s new products that involve team of product designers. product variation Samsung’s Opportunities unique products and existing products introduce userwith variety friendly mobile phones could launch sub brandsat affordable price. to the company. Samsung’s Opportunities O open more stores â€Å"Newmore customers O Launch creative products Technology,† â€Å"Innovative Products,† and â€Å"Creative Solutions. Weakness–Aver age pr i ces of pr oduct s seem t o bea l ow qual i t y pr oduct s-Not pr o-act i ve intro oduci ng a newpr oduct s. low cost competitors in China2. legal war between Samsung and its competitors such as Apple & nokia. Threads–Low-cost competitors Samsung is facing threats from many other low cost companies in China. While Samsung was busy competing with others, Huawei a company which focus on low cost products; is now a leader in fixed-line networks, mobile-telecommunications networks, and budget smart phones. Market share- Samsung Mobile eyeing 60% marketshare in India. The Indian mobile handset market is estimated to reach 251 million units in 2013, an increase of 13.5% over this year. The threat of potential new entrants (Low)- New entrants would have issues with overcoming patent issues if they didn’t plan on investing in their own R&D to create a unique product. These things together would require a new entrant to establish a competitive brand name while achieving economies of scale via investments in a supply chain process and developing a distribution infrastructure to remain competitive. The costs of accomplishing these things make a very strong barrier to entry. The threat of substitutes (High) Market share-Holding a revenue market share of 20.6%, Vodafone India is the country’s second largest telecom operator by revenue share after Bharti. Strengths: * Diversified geographical portfolio with strong mobile telecommunications operations in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Asia Pacific and to some extent the US * Network infrastructure   * Leading presence in emerging markets such as India Weaknesses: * Little focus of impact of mobile on climate.   * Negative return on assets (ROA) under perform key competitors like AT&T, Airtel, Uninor etc * US business not nearly as strong as European/rest of the world operations * 80% of its business is generated in Europe. Opportunities: * Improve accessibility to wide range of customers * Focus on cost reductions improving returns * Majority stake in Hutchison Essar in India * Research and development of new mobile technologies Threats: * Highly competitive market * Still lags behind major competitors in the India and other countries. * Extremely high Porter’s five forces Buyer power The bargaining power of buyers in the telecommunications industry is high due to the cutthroat competition and lack of differentiated products. The strong buyer power effectively reduces the cost prices in the industry though not to the level of its competitors. As such, Vodafone will keep making reasonable profits compared to its competitors. Supplier power Vodafone’s suppliers have a high bargaining power since the company operates with greater margins compared to its competitors. As a leader in the market, the market share is large meaning that it can easily absorb any price increments from the suppliers more than its competitors can. As such, Vodafone can easily maintain low prices from its suppliers and continue making profits (MarketLine, 2012, p. 9). Threat of substitutes Vodafone faces a considerable threat for products and services. The landline and CDMA services are fast declining while broadband services are fast becoming common. Video conferencing, VOPI such as Skype, Google Talk and Yahoo Messenger, email and social networking have emerged as substitutes to mobile services. However, due to the strong buyer power and effective economies of scale, Vodafone does not need to pass down the costs attributed to substitution to consumers (MarketLine, 2012, p. 8). Threat of entrants The threat of fresh market entrants is low because of barriers to entry. Companies wishing to enter the market must pay huge licensing fees coupled by spectrum availability and regulatory issues attached to the industry. Similarly, the costs of setting up network infrastructure are high, and the rapidly changing technology make is difficult for new entrants to cope. However, Vodafone can cope with this by maintaining high-level efficiency of its services to unrivaled heights. Industry rivalry Vodafone faces extremely high rivalry from its competitors due to the low call rate prices charged by its closest competitors. Similarly, the competitors constantly provide innovative products and services to the customers, which mean that Vodafone has to provide the same to its customers. Vodafone PEST Analysis. PEST analysis is a strategic tool used to analyse external factors affecting the business and stands for political, economical social and technological factors. The main political factors affecting Vodafone include EU Roaming Regulation that aims to decrease charges for mobile phone usages Economical factors also affect Vodafone main of which are the growth of GDP and the level of inflation rate within markets where the company operates. Generally any external economic changes affecting Vodafone can be classified as external economic factors. There is a range of social factors as well that affect Vodafone. For instance, changing work patterns that are becoming very popular make people work from home increasingly relying in communication technologies. Also, there are issues like people going ‘green’ and ageing population in developed countries that are going to affect Vodafone directly or indirectly. The impact of technological factors on Vodafone is without any doubt due to the nature of the telecommunications industry. Specifically, a technological innovation in communications and emergence of alternative means of communication such as online chatting, and Yahoo! Messenger are going to affect Vodafone strategy in a way that the company is left with a choice of either to form strategic alliances with above companies or to commit to considerable amount of research and development in order to introduce innovative products and services to the market.

Dec. of Ind. to Dec. of Sent. essays

Dec. of Ind. to Dec. of Sent. essays A part of everyones view of the United States of America is the idea that everyone should be free to do what he or she wants, whether that is ranging from religion to drugs, unions to independence. Everyone in the United States believes in being his or her own person, with the rights everyone else has. Some peoples try to get their idea of independence across to other people by the way of violence, but some also try the two easier easy, talking about their views and making a law. When the Declaration of Independence was written, the writer spoke out in the name of the law. The writing was formal and direct and with a strong base. In contrast, when Stanton wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, she was writing in a somewhat formal tone, but without the strict, straightforward tone approach of the Declaration of Independence. The Declaration of Independence was wrote in order to provide all people living in the United States of America with independence from anyone and everything, be it from the British, or from the very people of the United States. This allowed each person to be their own person, and not something that someone told them to be. It allowed people to do what they pleased, to an extent, without anyone telling them otherwise. The Declaration of Independence gave the people their rights, something that had never succeeded in such a degree. The Declaration of Sentiments clarified the Declaration of Independence even more. It was a declaration made just for the women of America. This declaration had been written to advise people on the common occurrences and hardships on the female population. Instead of stating what will be done in the United States to preserve the rights of women, it stated what should be done to preserve the rights of women by showing why action should be taken. Although these pieces of writing are both declarations, the context in which they are written are different, yet both still state one...

Gamification in Education

Gamification in Education Often the term â€Å"gamification† is met with controversy, resistance and confusion, as it is not completely clear what is meant by its implementation into education. If you strip away all of the additional information that has been added over the years, gamification is simply adding elements that are usually related to games or game-like activities into the classroom. Some examples of these features include: points, a focus on competition and a clear set of rules. This does not just mean games that are used in the classroom but rather activities or tasks that have game-like features added to them. This is an important difference to note. It seems like a straightforward concept but it is usually poorly implemented within education. This misuse can range from gamification being a mild yet useless distraction right to transforming an educational program into a farce of games masquerading as learning opportunities. In this article we will look at the best use of gamification and how it can increase the overall retention of information. We will also provide a range of methods to successfully bring gamification into everyday classroom activities without it becoming a waste of the student’s time.   More Complex Than Playing Games Often students, teachers and parents make the mistake of thinking that gamification is simply adding games to the classroom. There is a famous range of games that are considered educational but this is not the same as the concept of gamification. This is explained further in a great article by Steven Isaacs. To better understand the key differences between games, game-based activities and gamification, here are some points to consider: Win or Lose? In gamification there is not always a built-in chance of losing. The purpose is to motivate the students to learn or to take action and therefore there shouldn’t be any form of demotivation. This is why the focus is always on achievement and the attainment of new goals. Content – The game features are added to the educational system rather than the focus being on content, such as with traditional games or game-based learning. This is why gamification usually has in-depth storylines, which makes it an easier and less time-consuming system to implement. Objective – The main aim for gamification is for the participants to collect points as a form of reward. This is in direct contrast with games or game-based learning, as these forms of education have strictly defined learning objectives or even no objective at all. Gamification, therefore, has a wider and more flexible learning style that means students can develop knowledge rather than immediately stopping once a certain goal has been reached. For more details there is a useful infographic that shows the major differences between gamification, games and game-like activities. In More Detail   By now you will have a better picture and understanding of what gamification really is in a general sense. This is a good start and will now allow us to shift the focus to not what it is, but rather why it is important and significant in education today. Before we look at why gamification has become widely used and what the benefits are, we must first examine a brief history of this theory. The first example of gamification came in 1896 when stamps were sold to retailers and then used to reward loyal customers. This was all put into motion by marketers that claimed great success and results in reinforcing buying behavior and company engagement. In the 70s the theory began to form with Thomas Malone publishing, â€Å"What Makes Things Fun to Learn: A Study of Intrinsically Motivating Computer Games† in 1980. After this work was published companies, such as American Airlines, Holiday Inn and National Car Rental, began implementing reward systems for their customers. While gamification has been present ever since, it was not until Nick Pelling coined the official term in 2003. For businesses, consumers and lifelong learners, gamification is now a mainstream approach and a way of life with support and funding from many official bodies. To put things simply, the growth of gamification has established a place in both the workforce and education because it has been proven to be successful, whether it is with consumers gaining rewards for flying frequently or students achieving better test results. The reason for this success is due to the fact that this approach makes any task more interactive and essentially playful. This includes: Providing Goals. This offers the consumer or the student a step or a level to get to. This means that there is a visual progress throughout the process. Keeping The Participant Motivated. Having goals is a good way to stay motivated. This, paired with being able to get rewards, keeps the learner or the consumer interested and motivated to continue to focus on the task. Constant Rewards. What is better than getting rewards for your work or for your loyalty? This gives real value to any progress that is being made.   In these ways, gamification can make anything more enjoyable and hook users into a process of learning. This means that consumers will be more likely to buy from one company or buy more often as they are being rewarded for doing so. Students will reap different educational benefits. What Teachers Can Expect From Gamification The same principles that are applied to gamification in any setting can be successfully used in the classroom. The strength of this theory in schools is something that can create synergy between classroom learning as focused on by the teacher and classroom learning becoming a focus for students. Few students would say that the normal classroom setting is playful or enjoyable. Gamification is something that changes that by giving students the goals and rewards as previously mentioned, but this can also have lasting positive effects in other areas. This process will: Motivate students to become more involved, Give teachers better tools for teaching and for giving out appropriate rewards, Encourage students to present their full capacity for learning at all times. Gamification shows students that learning can be more interactive, they can receive rewards to give value to their work and that formal and informal educational settings can combine for great results. Teachers can expect their students to be more self-motivated in the classroom. Rather than pulling teeth to get students to sit down and work through problems, they will want to work towards goals and reach those achievements on their own. Removing some aspects of having a formal learning environment can be extremely beneficial in the sense that students will not necessarily view the gamification aspects as uninteresting but rather will participate in active learning. While immediate benefits are regularly seen by teachers in the way students view the classroom, in their approach and their results, there are other advantages to consider that will follow the students throughout their learning career and life. These include: Modern Life Skills It is especially important for students to gain the skills necessary for them to enter into the 21st century as successful citizens. This means giving students access to technology and programs that will show them the real life situations. Students will develop a new framework for understanding the tasks around them and their school environment through gamification and being able to work within a reward system similar to many work situations. Deeper Understanding This theory will promote a better understanding of issues and solutions. Gamification helps students understand which problems need to be fixed, create systems of thinking that will promote a solution and maintain the effectiveness of those solutions. Students will be able to be creative throughout this process and this is actively encouraged. Promote Creative Thinking Students are able to experiment more as they learn. By testing the rules and the roles they are a part of, students will be able to understand the boundaries of the situation and of their learning. This promotes more awareness of the student’s self and abilities. Love of Learning The encouraged lifelong pursuit of learning is another side effect of introducing gamification and using it as a tool in the classroom. Students will no longer find learning a dull experience but rather something to be approached with the intent to achieve a goal and become a better person overall. Engaging the Learner Gamification, if implemented correctly, makes education more engaging and enjoyable. The learning environment can be more creative, playful and free as students have the game-like features of their education promoting a subject in a more digestible manner. The potential for gamification in practice and the results can be endless depending on how it is used and implemented. If these reasons are not enough for you to become invested in this method then we have included examples of specific learning programs and procedures that have been proven to be effective in the classroom.   The Success Stories   Gamification can be a useful classroom tool that will encourage a student’s natural desire to learn by presenting them with interesting materials and tasks with aspects of games built into them. The effectiveness of this education method has been proven time and time again. Here are some noteworthy examples: The World Peace Game. This is a political simulation for the classroom that is game-based but is more of a scenario task for students to carry out. Created by John Hunter in Virginia, this version of gamification is designed to teach the children about being a part of the global community and the complexity of relationships between different nations around the world.How does it work? The teacher introduces the information students need to interact. This is generally a scenario with details about the resources of a country, their political positions, issues they face and various other important pieces of information. The students use these facts and achieve cooperation and positive relationships. While this specific case of gamification is marketed as a game, the details give students focus and goals while they work. Pai’s Class. This is a digitally assisted learning environment for students. In this kind of classroom, students use various devices to access games, programs and the Internet in conjunction with their studies. This means that students will be learning about a particular subject or many subjects and be introduced to basic concepts using technology. This use of technology and age-appropriate graphics has increased interest and improved overall test scores. Students can reach different levels and get rewards for their success within the technology that they use. This is a school of gamification that can be used across many different age groups and with a wide range of subjects and topics. Coursera. This is an educational technology that operates collaboratively with leading universities to make their courses available to students for free. This is an example of gamification that applies to higher-level learning rather than the more commonly thought of elementary school environment. This program requires students to watch videos on their subjects of choice and then submit assignments and tests for evaluation. In this process students can level up and receive badges and rewards for their achievements. There is also a level of interaction between students to enhance the overall learning experience and create a community feeling. Bringing The Theory Into The Classroom We Haven’t Been Properly Introduced It is very difficult to immediately include a full range of gamification techniques into the classroom. Some of the most challenging aspects are: Getting students to the idea of a constant reward system, Fully understanding a potentially complex system before putting it into place, Creating the unique style of gamification that suits the specific group of students. When first starting to use gamification, it is a good idea to focus on educational games. Many classrooms have game-related activities built into the daily routine but not all focus on the concept of being rewarded, beyond the student being able to enjoy the process of learning. Including gamification concepts in the classroom is easy by gently adapting existing games that students are familiar with. By including badges, achievements, points and other aspects of the theory, any game-based activity becomes a starting point for implementing the theory as a whole. Here are some classic games that are easily transformed into tools for gamification. Scheduled Doses – A common issue with this theory is choosing the right time to include it in the daily timetable of a classroom. It is a huge task for students to go from nothing to absolutely everything they do being point-based. By selecting activities that will have a system based on points and building from there, the atmosphere will become implemented slowly and it will quickly spread to other activities, usually at the student’s request. It is important to not try to make gamification an all-or-nothing system and to integrate it into a full curriculum. One of the best places to start are grades. Instead of using the traditional system you can equate these to terms that remind students of games. This includes concepts such as: Achievements, XP points, Badges, Lives, Levels, If you are creative, then it is fun to invent all of the ways that your class’ favorite video game references can be implemented into the grading system. For some inspiration there are fantastic suggestions here. Foster Competition – It is a common theme in education to not create too much competition between students but this is crucial for gamification to be successful. There has to be a desire for points and this is important to foster, especially at the beginning. There are several ways that the teacher can encourage competition including: Leaderboards – Making the number one spot publicly means that students will know what they need to do to get higher on the board. Prizes – Whether this is something relatively small or more coveted, having a prize to reflect the achievements will help develop a competitive nature in the students. Having more of a focus than simply points has a great overall benefit on the energy levels in a classroom and the desire to achieve more through the education system. It is, however, still important to keep a balance between a cooperative and a competitive classroom. To see how to do this more effectively you should definitely check out this article.   Equalize The Playing Field It is a common misconception that gamification is only suited to extroverts. By introducing the aspects of gamification into quieter more introverted activities you will be able to level the playing field and provide the benefits to the entire class. One of the greatest tools for this is the range of apps available for quieter quizzing. The use of the app is on an individual level but the points or XP can be easily tracked and added to a collective leaderboard. This research is indispensable when you are trying to better understand how to implement gamification for both introverts and extroverts.   Common Mistakes To Avoid It is often said that the use of gamification can be potentially harmful. There are several reported reasons for this but it should be noted that the most common cause of gamification failing is due to mistakes made with the implementation of the theory. Here are some of the most common errors made by educators. They are not necessarily made by those new to gamification but they can also develop over time as the original idea becomes stale with the students in the educational system. Focusing on the successful implementation and the maintenance of that focus can really make a difference in the results observed in the classroom. Winning Isn’t Everything – One of the most common errors that educators make is crafting the classroom to be too focused on achieving points. Having students too focused on winning means that the educational value of the tasks will be lost.   The reason that this happens is almost always because the stakes are too high or the prizes are too desirable. It is the duty of the teacher to put themselves in the mindset of their student and choose prizes that are desirable enough without them becoming the main focus. This issue might seem contradictory to the push for prizes and points mentioned previously, but it should be considered how exactly this has to be done for your specific class. A good way to avoid this from happening is to keep the focus on: â€Å"Does this result in learning?† This will ensure that winning is always secondary to a learning objective. Too Much Reward – The concept of gamification is often oversimplified when it is put into place. It is a common belief that it is the achieving of goals that drives the students forward and this means they create systems that awards points or achievements almost arbitrarily. If the success is not meaningful and consistent then the students will quickly lose interest. Students need to feel like they are really progressing whilst they are earning points and getting rewards.   At first this can be a very laborious task of continually checking the reward system and keeping to strict rules, but once the students get a hang of the system it will start to regulate itself.   Not Integrating The System – Whether this is treating gamification as an isolated learning technique or not following up on a natural process, not bringing it fully into the daily schedule means it is usually a waste of time. It should be a solid part of a larger curriculum that gives students a chance to get to know the system and fully benefit from it.   This should be balanced when you first introduce this theory into the classroom so that it is not overwhelming. In the end, however, the theory should be a normal part of the overall educational approach.

Tuberculosis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Tuberculosis - Essay Example But it is also to be remembered that not all types of tuberculosis are infectious. It is only the TB of lungs which spreads like common cold to other people. Couple of decades ago, TB was considered a dreaded disease, as there was no cure for it, but now TB is a fully curable, provided it can be detected in time. The modern lifestyle and the manner in which we treat our environment are stated to be the biggest reasons for the emergence of newer cases of Tuberculosis. The latest WHO report1 on the disease indicates that, there were an estimated 9.2 million new cases of TB in 2006. The danger of infection keeps growing if the disease is left untreated. The micro-bacteria known as Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known as the most prominent as the one causing the disease. Starting from lungs, gradually the disease can spread even to the central nervous system, if it remains untreated for longer period. Some other micro-bacteria causing the disease include; Mycobacterium microti, Mycobacterium canetti, Mycobacterium africanum and Mycobacterium bovis. Weaker immunity system helps in easier entry of the germs inside the human body. Prolonged coughing, coughing up blood, chest pain, fever are some of the common symptoms of the disease, but it has also been found that sometimes, the immune systems, 'walls-off' the TB bacilli, which can help the bacteria to lie dormant for years. In such cases the person need to initiate medication for preventing the TB from becoming active. And if the infected person is not treated for longer periods, the chances of spreading disease to a healthy person increase. In fact such prolongation can also result in other complications. Therefore it is advised that a person must consult the doctor, if following symptoms are found; A bad cough lasting for about 3 weeks or longer The person suffers from undue and unintended weight losses Coughing up continues for longer period or blood oozes out during coughing. Persons suffers from weakness or fatigue If there is prolonged fever. There are symptoms of Night sweats White blood cells, though accounting for less than 1 percent of total blood volume, play a key role in strengthening the immune system of our body. The blood comprises of six kinds of white blood cells namely: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Monocytes, Macrophages, and Lymphocytes. Each of them has a specific role in strengthening the defence mechanism of the human body. Monocytes is the most important WBC types playing a leading role in preventing the Tuberculosis (Nagel and Frey, 2007). With the help of a process called phagocytosis, Monocytes and Macrophages help in protecting the body by engulfing and digesting the bacteria, dead cells or other similar foreign matter. TB can in general be divided into primary and secondary TB. Primary Tuberculosis occurs in previously unexposed, un-sensitized people and such patients are in the danger of developing latent infection. On the other hand secondary TB comes up in patients who have been infected with the germs earlier and previous ly sensitized. Even years after the infection, such a stage might develop, if due care is not taken by the individual. If the initial symptoms are ignored and once the Tuberculosis becomes active, it tends to become incurable and leads to certain death of the individual. Tuberculosis is stated to

A Small Business Mideset Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

A Small Business Mideset - Essay Example ess owner is better than the stability of being a paid employee; and they expect higher financial returns from being a small business owner than being an employee. People start a small business, despite having a stable career, because they have the willingness to take risks and they want to pursue their dreams. They also believe that there are business opportunities that are related to their dreams and passions. Amaral and Baprista (2007) studied the factors involved for people choosing to be entrepreneurs. They noted that entrepreneurs believe in their dreams of opening their own businesses because of business opportunities and because they are willing to take risks (Amaral & Baprista, 2007, p.26). Levine and Rubinstein (2013) agreed that employed people who want to open small businesses are more willing to take risks than paid employees. In addition, those who open new businesses believe that being business owners is more challenging than being paid employees. Girouard (2013) menti oned that many employees open their own businesses because they think that they are maximizing their strengths more in challenging entrepreneurial environments. Professional development may actually be better attained as entrepreneurs than as paid employees where there are constraints to continued learning and growth. Apart from being willing risk-takers, finding business opportunities, and boosting professional development, employees who open small businesses also believe that they have more autonomy and are happier and that they can earn more. Girouard (2013) underscored that many employees want greater autonomy over decision-making. They want to be their own managers, so they start their own businesses. Autonomy as owners can also make them feel happier and more fulfilled in life. Moreover, starting a business can increase income levels. Girouard (2013) and Levine and Rubinstein (2013) provided studies that showed that self-employed individuals usually earn more per hour or have

Use of the slit-lamp for anterior segment examination of the eye Case Study

Use of the slit-lamp for anterior segment examination of the eye - Case Study Example In my clinical placement in the Ophthalmology, I had a chance to examine a patient who presented complaining of decrease in vision. For confidentiality and ethical reasons, the identity of this patient remains undisclosed. However, this 65-year-old gentleman presented to the clinic, and when I was instructed to do a slit-lamp examination, it felt that it was an opportunity to use academic learning in practice, and I was very excited. In order to arrive at a diagnosis, I obtained these systemic medical history and family ocular history, since these are important for assessing a patient's risk factors for ocular disease. Just as with other body systems, reliable historical information allows the clinician to more appropriately direct the physical examination (Quillen, 1999).I probed into his recent complaints in terms of the onset, duration, and associated symptoms, since knowledge about these can guide me to the correct diagnosis. I asked him about his prior good and equal vision in b oth eyes. Then I asked him whether the problem were on the both eyes, and how could he not note it for last 1 year. He said that he was going on with his frequent changes in glasses, which he thought was natural at his age. While watching television, he suddenly discovered that his vision in the right eye was a lot better than the left, and when he attempted to watch TV with one eye, he was surprised to discover that with the left eye alone, the pictures were hazy. Moreover, he could see better at the periphery than at the centre. He had no pain, distortion of the sight, and no double vision. These were very suggestive and significant pieces of information since they narrow down the clinical differential diagnosis further, and helps the examiner to design the clinical examination in a better way. The suggestive better peripheral vision, differential vision between the eyes and absence of distortion, pain, and double vision led to the impression that I need to focus in the anterior s egment of the eye while conducting his examination (Age-Related Eye Disease Study Research Group, 2001). General Examination When I decided to carry out an examination, I felt that a patient with decreasing vision requires a complete examination to determine the cause of the visual decline. Therefore, I started to do a systematic examination. I performed a general examination of the eyes in good diffuse light, and I felt that it would lead me to the possible diagnosis, so later I can do a slit-lamp examination. The general examination began with the examination of the eyelids and the conjunctival sac. He was elderly and had some amount of sagging of the eyelids. On palpation, the lid margins did not demonstrate any swelling. There was no redness in the conjunctivae. The eyelashes were normal. There was no evidence of any inflammation or blepharitis in both the lid margins. In order to examine the conjunctival sac, it was necessary to expose the palpebral conjunctiva and the fornices. Due to age, his fornices were shallow. There was no crusting, follicles, conjunctival papillae, or pseudomembrane indicating chronic or acute inflammation contributing his diminished vision. I drew down his lower lid while he was asked to look towards the ceiling, and the lower fornix looked normal. This excluded any inflammation of the lower lid and swelling that can compromise vision temporarily. The upper lid was everted to examine the upper palpebral conjunc

A Tale Of Two Cities Essay Example for Free

A Tale Of Two Cities Essay We learn that the Signal man has seen very disturbing events such as the train crash and the bride dying and what is more troubling is that he seen it coming, throughout the story we see how the signal man opens up to the narrator on how he is troubled and is emphasizing how he saw a ghost but the narrator starts to doubt his new friends mind and starts to have a very patronizing attitude towards the signal man. Throughout the story the fear is spreading. Dickens also uses tactile imagery Frozen finger tracing out my spine and also Dickens uses olfactory imagery an earthly deadly smell. The relationship between the narrator and the signal man is one of trust as the signal man opens up to him on their second meeting do the signal man and the narrator linked in some way? Dickens has made the story raise some doubts about the afterlife and fate. However Bram Stoker famed for his book Dracula has created a short story that is much like The Signal Man but has a different approach to the horror genre for the first few pages are a little bit of a mysterious Draculas Guest is full of suspense the title alone raises the expectation for the reader as it does not give away the plot but creates a feeling of intrigue making the reader want to read on, this is a clever ploy Stoker has used and it was also a popular theme to use as in the middle ages and Victorian era the legends of vampires have been popular among the people of Britain and Ireland and perhaps the world. The short story contains many dark themes that create mystery and also adds to the mounting tension that is created by the title Draculas Guest Bram who is Known for his Dark stories that contain major supernaturalist elements such as Mythism and oppressive that are including as the novel The Lair of the White Worm, Bram creates the prefect atmosphere for the short stor y and for the century as the Victorian era had a thing for vampirism stories. The story begins in Munich the weather is idyllic The sun was shining brightly on Munich, and the air was full of the joyousness of the early summer is the weather too idyllic? Bram cleverly opens the story this way to lull the reader into a sense of false security a very smart move I think personally, but that all ends when still holding his hand on the handle of the carriage door is used which is very arousing and causes a lot of interest, He also uses personification a shiver in the north wind adds more dramatic effect so does the use of alliteration Sudden Storm but the line But I am sure you will not be late, here he smiled and added for you know what night is it mysterious what is the night in question? And why is it so important? The 1st paragraph creates a sense of importance for the night and adds to the mystery and we then learn the reason the maitre and coachman fears the night and also we learn the name Walpurgis Nacht which translated from German means Night of Evil this term is very important to Catholics this is the first relation to religion, later on we here Walpurgis nacht! , Stoker uses the language barrier and the fail to understand adds to the suspense and surreal aspect, later the weather changes to dark clouds drifted rapidly across the sky the atmosphere changes to a sinister dull mood. Again the language barrier is there and the personification has the desired effect the storm of snow he comes before long time also the dialogue become vague and broken creating more tension here vampirism applied mouths red with blood, we see that the protagonist seems to doubt his sanity a lot like Dickens character The Signal Man it seems he also is succumbing to his fear Paroxysm of the fear- white face perspiring, trembling Bram Stokers technique second to none he uses detailed descriptions for his characters and settings and his use of the language devices such as metaphors glistening white carpet and his alliteration Sudden Storm and lastly repetition Walpurgis nacht. Each writer Dickens and Stoker uses different methods to create a spine-chilling effect on the reader each could even be masters of horror and suspense, all the aspects that the gothic genre needs to be successful and The Signal Man and Draculas Guest where very successful in that age and successful today in the study of literature . In conclusion after close analysis of both stories I have seen that both stories are great for maintaining tension and use techniques such as alliteration, pathetic fallacy and are good to create confusion among the readers. This wining combination gives the story a kick and keeps the reader engrossed in the story. I believe that stoker is perfect for building suspense and tension while Dickens plays on the readers emotion by lulling them into a sense of security and then confuses them and then plays on their confusion. Gavin Teggart Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Symbolism in the Play Everyman Essay -- Papers

Symbolism in the Play Everyman The play Everyman dates back to medieval times and has affected many people throughout the centuries. Many life lessons are looked at throughout the play through symbolism, which helps the reader understand life’s lessons easier. Everyman, an allegory, had symbolism scattered throughout the entire story, which helped to better show lessons learned through life. In Everyman, symbolism is present in many characters, including Good-Deeds, Confession, and Death. In the play Everyman, Good-Deeds is symbolic through his character name, costume, and actions. Good-Deeds shows symbolism through his many charitable acts. Good-Deeds wishes to go along with Everyman on his journey before death, but he has been too weak. With being to weak Good-Deeds’ sister, Knowledge, decides to go along. This shows symbolism through his charitable acts. Good-Deeds’ costume symbolizes happiness by far and peace and perhaps was the color yellow. Good-Deeds’ actions during the play are also symbolic. Good-Deeds helps Ev... Symbolism in the Play Everyman Essay -- Papers Symbolism in the Play Everyman The play Everyman dates back to medieval times and has affected many people throughout the centuries. Many life lessons are looked at throughout the play through symbolism, which helps the reader understand life’s lessons easier. Everyman, an allegory, had symbolism scattered throughout the entire story, which helped to better show lessons learned through life. In Everyman, symbolism is present in many characters, including Good-Deeds, Confession, and Death. In the play Everyman, Good-Deeds is symbolic through his character name, costume, and actions. Good-Deeds shows symbolism through his many charitable acts. Good-Deeds wishes to go along with Everyman on his journey before death, but he has been too weak. With being to weak Good-Deeds’ sister, Knowledge, decides to go along. This shows symbolism through his charitable acts. Good-Deeds’ costume symbolizes happiness by far and peace and perhaps was the color yellow. Good-Deeds’ actions during the play are also symbolic. Good-Deeds helps Ev...